Main Causes of Oral Ulceration
Local Causes

Trauma:

•        Sharp Teeth or Restorations
•        (Electrical) Appliances
•        Non-Accidental Injury
•        Self-inflicted
•        Iatrogenic

Burns:

•        Heat
•        Cold
•        Chemical
•        Radiation
•        Electric

Recurrent Aphthæ (and Behçet Syndrome)

Malignant Neoplasms:

•        Oral
•        Encroaching from antrum (sinus) or nose

Drugs

•        Cytotoxics
•        NSAIDs
•        Nicorandil
•        Many others


Systemic Disease

Microbial Diseases

•        Herpetic Stomatitis
•        Chickenpox
•        Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
•        Herpangina
•        Infectious Mononucleosis
•        HIV
•        Acute Necrotising Gingivitis
•        Tuberculosis (TB)
•        Syphilis
•        Histoplasmosis
•        Cryptococcosis
•        Blastomycosis
•        Paracoccidioidomycosis
•        Leishmaniasis

Muco-Cutaneous Diseases:

•        Lichen Planus
•        Pemphigus Vulgaris
•        Pemphigoid and variants
•        Erythema Multiforme
•        Dermatitis Herpetiformis
•        Linear IgA Disease
•        Epidermolysis Bullosa
•        Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis
•        other dermatoses

Blood Disorders:

•        Anæmia
•        Leukæmia
•        Myelo-Dysplastic Syndrome
•        Neutropænia
•        Other White Cell Dyscrasias
•        Hæmatinic Deficiencies
•        Gammopathies

Gastrointestinal Diseases:

•        Cœliac Disease
•        Ulcerative Colitis
•        Crohn’s Disease

Rheumatic Diseases:

•        Lupus Erythematosus
•        Reiter Syndrome
•        Sweet Syndrome

Vasculitides:

•        Behçet Syndrome
•        Wegener's Granulomatosis
•        Peri-Arteritis Nodosa
•        Giant Cell Arteritis

Endocrine Disorders:

•        Diabetes
•        Glucagonoma

Disorders of Uncertain Pathogenesis:

•        Eosinophilic Ulcer
•        Hyper-Eosinophilic Syndrome
•        Necrotising Sialometaplasia
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