| Causes of Dry Mouth |
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• Atropinoids: Atropine, atropinics and hyoscine
• Anti-depressants: tricyclics (e.g. amitriptyline,
nortriptyline, clomipramine and dosulepin), selective
serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (e.g. fluoxetine), lithium
and some other anti-depressants
• Anti-hypertensives: may also cause a
compositional change in saliva. α1 Antagonists (e.g.
terazosin and prazosin) and α agonists (e.g. clonidine)
may reduce salivary flow. β blockers (e.g. atenolol,
propranolol) reduce protein levels
• Phenothiazines
• Anti-histamines
• Anti-reflux agents, such as proton-pump inhibitors
(e.g. omeprazole)
• Opioids
• Cytotoxic drugs
• Retinoids
• Bupropion
Others, such as:
• Protease inhibitors
• Didanosine
• Diuretics
• Ephedrine
• Benzodiazepines
• Interleukin-2
Other Iatrogenic Causes
• Irradiation
• Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Disease
• Salivary Gland Disease:
• Anti-depressants: tricyclics (e.g. amitriptyline,
nortriptyline, clomipramine and dosulepin), selective
serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (e.g. fluoxetine), lithium
and some other anti-depressants
• Anti-hypertensives: may also cause a
compositional change in saliva. α1 Antagonists (e.g.
terazosin and prazosin) and α agonists (e.g. clonidine)
may reduce salivary flow. β blockers (e.g. atenolol,
propranolol) reduce protein levels
• Phenothiazines
• Anti-histamines
• Anti-reflux agents, such as proton-pump inhibitors
(e.g. omeprazole)
• Opioids
• Cytotoxic drugs
• Retinoids
• Bupropion
Others, such as:
• Protease inhibitors
• Didanosine
• Diuretics
• Ephedrine
• Benzodiazepines
• Interleukin-2
Other Iatrogenic Causes
• Irradiation
• Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Disease
• Salivary Gland Disease:
- Salivary Aplasia (agenesis)
- Sjögren Syndrome
- Sarcoidosis
- Parotidectomy
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- Infections (HIV, Hepatitis C, Human T
Lymphotropic Virus 1 [HTLV-1]) - Other viruses
- Dehydration
- Psychogenic
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